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History — Quiz Night questions

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  1. 1What year did the Berlin Wall fall?

    • 1991
    • 1989
    • 1979
    • 1985

  2. 2Which civilisation built the great pyramids?

    • Ancient Greece
    • Persia
    • Ancient Egypt
    • Rome

  3. 3In which century did the French Revolution happen?

    • The 18th century
    • The 16th century
    • The 19th century
    • The 17th century

  4. 4Which civilisation built the Colosseum?

    • The Greeks
    • The Romans
    • The Persians
    • The Egyptians

  5. 5Which continent was the Inca Empire on?

    • South America
    • Europe
    • Asia
    • Africa

  6. 6Which country held the first Olympic Games?

    • China
    • Egypt
    • Italy
    • Greece

  7. 7Which country did the samurai tradition begin in?

    • Korea
    • Japan
    • Mongolia
    • China

  8. 8What was the Great Wall of China built for?

    • Defence
    • Farming
    • Transport
    • Trade

  9. 9Which civilisation used cuneiform writing?

    • The Vikings
    • The Sumerians
    • The Incas
    • The Maya

  10. 10Which ancient city was buried in volcanic ash?

    • Babylon
    • Pompeii
    • Troy
    • Carthage

  11. 11Which region did the Vikings set out from?

    • Scandinavia
    • The Iberian Peninsula
    • The Balkans
    • The Caucasus

  12. 12Who was the first person to walk on the Moon?

    • Neil Armstrong
    • Buzz Aldrin
    • Yuri Gagarin
    • Michael Collins

  13. 13Who was the first person in space?

    • Valentina Tereshkova
    • Neil Armstrong
    • Alan Shepard
    • Yuri Gagarin

  14. 14Who spread printing across Europe?

    • Isaac Newton
    • Johannes Gutenberg
    • Galileo Galilei
    • Leonardo da Vinci

  15. 15Which sailor reached the Americas in 1492?

    • Vasco da Gama
    • James Cook
    • Christopher Columbus
    • Magellan

  16. 16What year did the Titanic sink?

    • 1905
    • 1920
    • 1898
    • 1912

  17. 17Which two continents did the Silk Road connect?

    • Asia and Africa
    • Africa and Europe
    • Asia and Europe
    • America and Asia

  18. 18Which 15th-century invention sped the spread of knowledge?

    • The radio
    • The printing press
    • The telegraph
    • Your phone

  19. 19Who was the first Roman emperor?

    • Augustus
    • Constantine
    • Julius Caesar
    • Nero

  20. 20Alexander the Great was king of which country?

    • Macedonia
    • Egypt
    • Persia
    • Rome

  21. 21Which queen reigned over England for over 70 years?

    • Elizabeth II
    • Mary I
    • Elizabeth I
    • Victoria

  22. 22What year did the Second World War end?

    • 1939
    • 1918
    • 1945
    • 1950

  23. 23What year did the First World War begin?

    • 1918
    • 1939
    • 1905
    • 1914

  24. 24Which body was founded between the two world wars?

    • The United Nations
    • The League of Nations
    • NATO
    • The European Union

  25. 25What year did the USA declare independence?

    • 1776
    • 1865
    • 1812
    • 1789

  26. 26Which river did Julius Caesar cross to start a civil war in Rome?

    • The Rubicon River
    • The Tiber River
    • The Nile River
    • The Rhine River

  27. 27Cleopatra was queen of which country?

    • Rome
    • Greece
    • Egypt
    • Persia

  28. 28Genghis Khan was the founder of which empire?

    • The Persian Empire
    • The Roman Empire
    • The Ottoman Empire
    • The Mongol Empire

  29. 29Napoleon Bonaparte spent his final years in exile on which island?

    • Elba
    • Corsica
    • Sicily
    • Saint Helena

  30. 30Which queen ruled the British Empire in the 19th century?

    • Elizabeth II
    • Elizabeth I
    • Mary I
    • Victoria

  31. 31What is Isaac Newton best known for?

    • The theory of relativity
    • The law of gravity
    • The theory of evolution
    • Atomic theory

  32. 32What is Albert Einstein best known for?

    • The law of gravity
    • The theory of evolution
    • The theory of relativity
    • The Big Bang theory

  33. 33Who was the first person to win Nobel Prizes in two different sciences?

    • Charles Darwin
    • Isaac Newton
    • Marie Curie
    • Albert Einstein

  34. 34Which scientific theory did Charles Darwin develop?

    • The theory of evolution
    • The law of gravity
    • The theory of relativity
    • The Big Bang theory

  35. 35Which instrument did Galileo Galilei improve to observe the sky?

    • The sextant
    • The microscope
    • The compass
    • The telescope

  36. 36Marco Polo set out from Europe on a long journey to which continent?

    • Australia
    • Africa
    • Asia
    • South America

  37. 37Ibn Battuta, one of the great medieval travellers, was born in which country?

    • Egypt
    • Spain
    • Saudi Arabia
    • Morocco

  38. 38Admiral Zheng He, famed for his great sea voyages, was a mariner of which civilisation?

    • Mongolia
    • India
    • China
    • Japan

  39. 39Captain James Cook is known for mapping islands in which ocean?

    • The Pacific Ocean
    • The Arctic Ocean
    • The Atlantic Ocean
    • The Indian Ocean

  40. 40Which ancient Greek philosopher is known for a teaching method based on asking probing questions?

    • Aristotle
    • Socrates
    • Confucius
    • Plato

  41. 41Which famous work was written by the ancient Greek philosopher Plato?

    • The Nicomachean Ethics
    • The Odyssey
    • The Iliad
    • The Republic

  42. 42Aristotle was the private tutor of which famous ruler?

    • Julius Caesar
    • Napoleon Bonaparte
    • Genghis Khan
    • Alexander the Great

  43. 43Confucius was a thinker of which civilisation?

    • Japan
    • China
    • India
    • Greece

  44. 44What is James Watt best known for?

    • The telegraph
    • The steam engine
    • Dynamite
    • The electric motor

  45. 45What is Alfred Nobel best known for?

    • The steam engine
    • Dynamite
    • The lightning rod
    • The light bulb

  46. 46What is Nikola Tesla best known for?

    • Radioactivity
    • Dynamite
    • The steam engine
    • Alternating current

  47. 47What is Benjamin Franklin best known for?

    • Dynamite
    • The steam engine
    • The telegraph
    • The lightning rod

  48. 48In which century did Europe's Age of Discovery begin?

    • The 10th century
    • The 12th century
    • The 18th century
    • The 15th century

  49. 49Which country did Vasco da Gama reach by sailing around Africa?

    • India
    • Japan
    • Indonesia
    • China

  50. 50Which explorer led the first expedition to sail around the world?

    • Vasco da Gama
    • James Cook
    • Christopher Columbus
    • Magellan

  51. 51Which explorer gave the Americas their name?

    • Magellan
    • Amerigo Vespucci
    • Christopher Columbus
    • Vasco da Gama

  52. 52What was the first major book printed with movable type?

    • Aesop's Fables
    • The Mainz Psalter
    • The Gutenberg Bible
    • The Nuremberg Chronicle

  53. 53What did the spread of printing in Europe mainly replace?

    • Hand-copied manuscripts
    • Stone tablets
    • Oral storytelling traditions
    • Papyrus scrolls

  54. 54Who invented the telephone?

    • Thomas Edison
    • Nikola Tesla
    • Guglielmo Marconi
    • Alexander Graham Bell

  55. 55Which country was the first telephone call made in?

    • Germany
    • Canada
    • The USA
    • England

  56. 56Which inventor made the light bulb practical and long-lasting?

    • Alexander Graham Bell
    • James Watt
    • Nikola Tesla
    • Thomas Edison

  57. 57In which century did light bulbs start lighting homes worldwide?

    • The 19th century
    • The 18th century
    • The 21st century
    • The 20th century

  58. 58Which brothers achieved the first powered flight?

    • The Montgolfier brothers
    • The Wright brothers
    • The Voisin brothers
    • The Lumière brothers

  59. 59What year did the Wright brothers make their first flight?

    • 1899
    • 1912
    • 1903
    • 1908

  60. 60Which disease was the first vaccine developed against?

    • The plague
    • Smallpox
    • Rabies
    • Measles

  61. 61Which scientist developed the first vaccine?

    • Alexander Fleming
    • Louis Pasteur
    • Edward Jenner
    • Robert Koch

  62. 62The 20th-century space race was between which two countries?

    • The USA and China
    • The USA and the USSR
    • France and the USA
    • England and the USSR

  63. 63What was the name of the first artificial satellite?

    • Vostok
    • Sputnik
    • Explorer
    • Apollo

  64. 64Who was the first woman in space?

    • Valentina Tereshkova
    • Mae Jemison
    • Svetlana Savitskaya
    • Sally Ride

  65. 65Laika, one of the first living creatures sent to space, was what kind of animal?

    • A cat
    • A monkey
    • A dog
    • A mouse

  66. 66What is the age when stone tools were used called?

    • Stone Age
    • Iron Age
    • Ice Age
    • Bronze Age

  67. 67What is the age after the Bronze Age called?

    • Steam Age
    • Stone Age
    • Iron Age
    • Copper Age

  68. 68What is the land-for-service system of medieval Europe called?

    • Mercantilism
    • Capitalism
    • Feudalism
    • Socialism

  69. 69In which country did the Industrial Revolution first begin?

    • Germany
    • France
    • The USA
    • England

  70. 70Which ancient Greek city-state is known for its culture of philosophy and theatre?

    • Sparta
    • Athens
    • Thebes
    • Corinth

  71. 71In which country is Petra, the ancient city carved into rock, located?

    • Jordan
    • Syria
    • Lebanon
    • Egypt

  72. 72Which pre-Columbian Central American civilisation is known for its calendar systems?

    • The Maya
    • The Inca
    • The Olmec
    • The Aztec

  73. 73Which ancient civilisation used the writing system called hieroglyphics?

    • The Phoenicians
    • The Egyptians
    • The Persians
    • The Sumerians

  74. 74Which empire's fall in the West marks the start of the Middle Ages?

    • The Persian Empire
    • The Roman Empire
    • The Byzantine Empire
    • The Macedonian Empire

  75. 75What is the fast type of ship used by the Vikings in war and trade called?

    • Galleon
    • Longship
    • Frigate
    • Galley

  76. 76The Code of Hammurabi, one of the earliest known written law codes in history, belongs to which ancient civilisation?

    • The Hittites
    • The Sumerians
    • The Babylonians
    • The Assyrians

  77. 77What are the giant stone statues on Easter Island called?

    • Totem pole
    • Moai
    • Obelisk
    • Menhir

  78. 78Which dynasty first unified China under a single empire?

    • The Qin Dynasty
    • The Han Dynasty
    • The Tang Dynasty
    • The Ming Dynasty

  79. 79In the legend of the Trojan War, which giant animal was used to hide soldiers inside and capture the city?

    • Wooden bull
    • Wooden eagle
    • Wooden horse
    • Wooden lion

  80. 80Which ancient battle is famous for the stand of 300 Spartans against the Persians?

    • The Battle of Salamis
    • The Battle of Marathon
    • The Battle of Thermopylae
    • The Battle of Plataea

  81. 81Which battle, won by the Athenians against the Persians, gave its name to the "marathon" race?

    • The Battle of Thermopylae
    • The Battle of Salamis
    • The Battle of Marathon
    • The Battle of Issus

  82. 82What is the common name for the long rivalry between Athens and Sparta in ancient Greece?

    • The Trojan War
    • The Median Wars
    • The Punic Wars
    • The Peloponnesian War

  83. 83What is the common name for the three wars fought between Rome and Carthage?

    • The Gallic Wars
    • The Peloponnesian War
    • The Punic Wars
    • The Macedonian Wars

  84. 84Which animals did the Carthaginian general Hannibal use to cross the Alps to attack Rome?

    • Elephants
    • Camels
    • Horses
    • Bulls

  85. 85In the Battle of Kadesh, which ancient power fought the Hittites?

    • The Egyptians
    • The Assyrians
    • The Persians
    • The Babylonians

  86. 86What is the name of the series of wars, fought on and off for about a hundred years between England and France in the Middle Ages?

    • The Hundred Years' War
    • The Wars of the Roses
    • The War of the Spanish Succession
    • The Scottish War of Independence

  87. 87Which battle resulted in the Norman conquest of England in 1066?

    • The Battle of Waterloo
    • The Battle of Hastings
    • The Battle of Agincourt
    • The Battle of Trafalgar

  88. 88Which power ended the Byzantine Empire by conquering Constantinople in 1453?

    • The Venetians
    • The Ottomans
    • The Mongols
    • The Persians

  89. 89What is the name of the powerful fleet that Spain lost against England in 1588?

    • The Mediterranean Fleet
    • The Atlantic Fleet
    • The Spanish Armada
    • The Holy League Fleet

  90. 90Simón Bolívar freed many South American countries from which country's rule?

    • France
    • Spain
    • England
    • Portugal

  91. 91The American War of Independence was fought by the thirteen colonies against which country?

    • Spain
    • England
    • France
    • The Netherlands

  92. 92In which decade did the American Civil War take place?

    • 1860s
    • 1940s
    • 1900s
    • 1770s

  93. 93Who was the Austro-Hungarian heir who fell victim to the assassination that triggered the First World War?

    • Nicholas II
    • Franz Joseph I
    • Franz Ferdinand
    • Wilhelm II

  94. 94In which year was the armistice signed that ended the First World War?

    • 1918
    • 1917
    • 1919
    • 1920

  95. 95Which peace treaty, signed after the First World War, imposed heavy obligations on Germany?

    • The Treaty of Paris
    • The Treaty of Vienna
    • The Treaty of Utrecht
    • The Treaty of Versailles

  96. 96The Second World War effectively began in Europe when Germany invaded which country?

    • Belgium
    • Austria
    • Poland
    • France

  97. 97In the Second World War, where did the Allied forces carry out their major 1944 landing to liberate France?

    • Provence
    • Crete
    • Sicily
    • Normandy

  98. 98What is the period of tension between the USA and the Soviet Union after the Second World War called?

    • The Hot War
    • The Shadow War
    • The Cold War
    • The Silent War

  99. 99In the Second World War, the attack that led the USA to enter the war was carried out on which base?

    • Okinawa
    • Pearl Harbor
    • Midway
    • Guam

  100. 100In which century was the Age of Enlightenment?

    • 14th century
    • 16th century
    • 20th century
    • 18th century

  101. 101What else were Roman baths used for besides bathing?

    • Training soldiers
    • Storing grain
    • Holding trials
    • Chatting and business

  102. 102What did Egyptians mostly write on before paper spread?

    • Cotton cloth
    • Glass sheets
    • Thin wooden boards
    • Papyrus

  103. 103What lit homes at night before electricity?

    • Glowing stones
    • Mirrors and lanterns
    • Gas lamps and batteries
    • Candles and oil lamps

  104. 104How were meat and fish kept before fridges?

    • Salted and dried
    • Coated in spices
    • Kept in water
    • Left out in glass

  105. 105Which region minted the first coins?

    • Lydia
    • India
    • Mesopotamia
    • Egypt

  106. 106Which country first worked out how to make silk cloth?

    • Egypt
    • China
    • India
    • Persia

  107. 107What did an Olympic winner get in ancient Greece?

    • An olive wreath
    • A pair of horses
    • A gold medal
    • A silver cup

  108. 108Why did actors wear masks in ancient Greek theatre?

    • To block the sun
    • To be seen from afar and switch roles
    • To stay silent by custom
    • To save their voices

  109. 109How were books copied before printing spread?

    • With wood blocks
    • Carved in stone
    • By hand
    • From memory

  110. 110How did a craftsman learn his trade in medieval Europe?

    • From books
    • At university
    • By a state exam
    • As an apprentice to a master

  111. 111What usually told people the time in medieval towns?

    • A sundial
    • A drum
    • An hourglass
    • Church bells

  112. 112How was water brought into Roman cities?

    • By aqueduct
    • Through open ditches
    • In jugs
    • In leather skins

  113. 113Which was one of the most valuable goods on the Spice Route?

    • Black pepper
    • Timber
    • Rice
    • Olive oil

  114. 114What did Vikings mostly steer by on the open sea?

    • The sun and the stars
    • A weather vane
    • A magnetic compass
    • Maps

  115. 115What was the official who could write called in ancient Egypt?

    • A scribe
    • A priest
    • An architect
    • A vizier

  116. 116What were the pyramid workers in ancient Egypt mostly paid in?

    • Bread and grain
    • Land
    • Gold coins
    • Animal hides

  117. 117What was laundry mostly washed with before soap spread?

    • Just hot water
    • Ash water
    • Sand
    • Vinegar

  118. 118What were the first calendars based on?

    • Seasonal winds
    • River floods
    • The moon and the sun
    • Bird migrations

  119. 119What have pigeons been used for most through history?

    • Finding the way
    • Guarding fields
    • Forecasting weather
    • Carrying messages

  120. 120Why were walls built around medieval towns?

    • To block the wind
    • To collect water
    • To mark the border
    • To defend against attack

  121. 121Where did ordinary Romans mostly eat their daily meal?

    • In their own kitchen
    • In temple courtyards
    • At street stalls
    • At the baths

  122. 122Which country used paper money first?

    • England
    • The Netherlands
    • China
    • Italy

  123. 123Why did sailors follow the coast before the compass spread?

    • Because the ship went faster
    • Because the wind was stronger
    • Because there were more fish
    • So they would not lose their bearings

  124. 124Where were the first schools of antiquity usually set up?

    • Next to temples
    • In marketplaces
    • In palaces
    • At ports

  125. 125Who watched the streets at night in the Middle Ages?

    • A priest
    • The night watchman
    • A soldier
    • A merchant

  126. 126Who was the first explorer to reach the South Pole?

    • Robert Falcon Scott
    • James Cook
    • Ernest Shackleton
    • Roald Amundsen

  127. 127Which animals did Amundsen use to pull his loads on the way to the South Pole?

    • Horses
    • Reindeer
    • Dogs
    • Camels

  128. 128Which explorer reached the South Pole after Amundsen and died with his team on the way back?

    • David Livingstone
    • Fridtjof Nansen
    • Ernest Shackleton
    • Robert Falcon Scott

  129. 129Which explorer lost his ship to the Antarctic ice yet brought his entire crew home alive?

    • Ernest Shackleton
    • Roald Amundsen
    • Robert Falcon Scott
    • Fridtjof Nansen

  130. 130What does the North Pole sit on top of?

    • A thick landmass
    • Frozen sea ice
    • A mountain summit
    • A large island

  131. 131What method did Fridtjof Nansen try with his ship to get far north?

    • Dragging the ship overland on sledges
    • Leaving the ship in port for the winter
    • Freezing the ship into the ice and drifting with the current
    • Blasting a path through the ice with gunpowder

  132. 132Which sea route north of North America to Asia was sought for centuries?

    • The Northwest Passage
    • The Strait of Gibraltar
    • The Strait of Magellan
    • The Northeast Passage

  133. 133Who was the first European sailor to round the Cape of Good Hope into the Indian Ocean?

    • Ferdinand Magellan
    • Vasco da Gama
    • Bartolomeu Dias
    • Christopher Columbus

  134. 134Which captain completed the first voyage around the globe after its commander died?

    • Francis Drake
    • Juan Sebastián Elcano
    • Amerigo Vespucci
    • Bartolomeu Dias

  135. 135Which country's monarchs funded the 1492 voyage of Christopher Columbus?

    • Spain
    • France
    • England
    • Portugal

  136. 136Which continent did Christopher Columbus believe he had reached until the end of his life?

    • Africa
    • Antarctica
    • Asia
    • Australia

  137. 137Whose sailors reached the shores of North America some five centuries before Columbus?

    • The Mongols
    • The Polynesians
    • The Phoenicians
    • The Vikings

  138. 138In which country were the remains of the Viking settlement in North America found?

    • Canada
    • Cuba
    • Mexico
    • The United States

  139. 139Which sailing ship did Portuguese sailors develop for ocean voyages, able to sail against the wind?

    • The caravel
    • The galley
    • The galleon
    • The frigate

  140. 140Which object in the sky did sailors in the northern hemisphere use to find their latitude?

    • The Milky Way
    • The North Star
    • The Moon
    • The planet Venus

  141. 141In which year did Yuri Gagarin make his flight into space?

    • 1969
    • 1957
    • 1961
    • 1975

  142. 142About how long did Yuri Gagarin's first flight around Earth last?

    • About one week
    • About ten minutes
    • About an hour and a half
    • About one day

  143. 143What is the name of the first mission that landed people on the Moon?

    • Apollo 13
    • Soyuz 1
    • Gemini 4
    • Apollo 11

  144. 144Who was the second astronaut to step onto the Moon alongside Neil Armstrong?

    • Michael Collins
    • Buzz Aldrin
    • John Glenn
    • Alan Shepard

  145. 145Which third astronaut stayed in the orbiting craft instead of landing during the first Moon landing?

    • Alan Shepard
    • Buzz Aldrin
    • Michael Collins
    • John Glenn

  146. 146Who was the first person to leave their craft and float freely in the vacuum?

    • Alexei Leonov
    • Neil Armstrong
    • Yuri Gagarin
    • Valentina Tereshkova

  147. 147Which country sent the first uncrewed craft to make a soft landing on the Moon?

    • The Soviet Union
    • China
    • The United States
    • Japan

  148. 148Which country first landed a craft on the side of the Moon never seen from Earth?

    • China
    • Russia
    • India
    • The United States

  149. 149Which human-made craft was the first to leave the solar system?

    • Voyager 1
    • Sputnik 1
    • Vostok 1
    • Apollo 11

  150. 150What was placed on the Voyager craft to describe Earth to any intelligence that might find them?

    • A printed world atlas
    • A radio transmitter that never stops
    • A gold-plated sound record
    • Live plant seeds

  151. 151Which country built the first craft to land on Venus and send data back?

    • The United States
    • The Soviet Union
    • Japan
    • China

  152. 152In which decade did a wheeled rover first drive across the surface of Mars?

    • The 2010s
    • The 1960s
    • The 1970s
    • The 1990s

  153. 153What set the space shuttle apart from the spacecraft that came before it?

    • It never carried any people
    • It could be flown again and again
    • It could land on the Moon
    • It ran on nuclear fuel

  154. 154Where did humans first begin living in space without interruption?

    • A settlement on Mars
    • A shuttle that stayed up permanently
    • A base on the Moon
    • The International Space Station

  155. 155What is the name of the space station China built on its own?

    • Tiangong
    • Salyut
    • Skylab
    • Mir

  156. 156Aboard which ship did Charles Darwin make his long voyage around the world?

    • The Victoria
    • The Endeavour
    • The Beagle
    • The Fram

  157. 157On which island group did Charles Darwin make the observations that shaped his idea of evolution?

    • The Galapagos Islands
    • The Azores
    • The Maldives
    • The Canary Islands

  158. 158What was the official scientific purpose of Captain James Cook's first great voyage?

    • To observe Venus passing in front of the Sun
    • To study a volcano under the sea
    • To measure the polar lights
    • To find a new source of spices

  159. 159Which British sailor charted the east coast of Australia?

    • Abel Tasman
    • James Cook
    • William Dampier
    • Francis Drake

  160. 160How was penicillin discovered?

    • It came out of vaccine trials on animals
    • It was found by screening soil samples for years
    • It emerged while a plant sap was tested on patients
    • Mould in a forgotten dish was seen killing bacteria

  161. 161Which physician first explained that blood moves through the body in a circuit?

    • Hippocrates
    • Andreas Vesalius
    • William Harvey
    • Galen

  162. 162Which scientist discovered the elements radium and polonium?

    • Rosalind Franklin
    • Lise Meitner
    • Dorothy Hodgkin
    • Marie Curie

  163. 163Which inscribed stone made it possible to decipher ancient Egyptian writing?

    • The Behistun Inscription
    • The Rosetta Stone
    • The Stele of Hammurabi
    • The Palermo Stone

  164. 164Which archaeologist found the nearly untouched tomb of Tutankhamun in 1922?

    • Arthur Evans
    • Flinders Petrie
    • Heinrich Schliemann
    • Howard Carter

  165. 165Who became famous for hunting down and excavating the ruins of Troy?

    • Heinrich Schliemann
    • Arthur Evans
    • Howard Carter
    • Hiram Bingham

  166. 166How did the Terracotta Army in China come to light?

    • It was spotted in satellite images
    • Farmers ran into it while digging a well
    • It turned up while a temple was being torn down
    • An earthquake split the ground open and revealed it

  167. 167Who brought the Inca city of Machu Picchu in the Andes to the world's attention in 1911?

    • Francisco Pizarro
    • Howard Carter
    • Hiram Bingham
    • David Livingstone

  168. 168Who found the prehistoric paintings in the Lascaux cave in France?

    • Children out playing
    • A mining crew
    • A travelling painter
    • Soldiers stationed nearby

  169. 169What name was given to the five-thousand-year-old mummified man found in an Alpine glacier?

    • Lucy
    • The Kennewick Man
    • Ötzi
    • The Tollund Man

  170. 170How did the Dead Sea Scrolls come to light?

    • Inside a shipwreck on the seabed
    • While a palace wall was being pulled down
    • During a clean-up in a church cellar
    • A shepherd came upon them looking for a lost animal in a cave

  171. 171Which Scottish explorer was thought lost for years in inner Africa until a journalist found him?

    • David Livingstone
    • Mungo Park
    • John Speke
    • Richard Burton

  172. 172Which journalist tracked down Livingstone in Africa after years of silence?

    • Mungo Park
    • Henry Morton Stanley
    • Richard Burton
    • John Speke

  173. 173Which large African lake does the White Nile flow out of?

    • Lake Malawi
    • Lake Chad
    • Lake Tanganyika
    • Lake Victoria

  174. 174Which pair were the first to reach the summit of Everest?

    • Reinhold Messner and Peter Habeler
    • George Mallory and Andrew Irvine
    • Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay
    • Maurice Herzog and Louis Lachenal

  175. 175In which year was the first ascent of the world's highest mountain achieved?

    • 1963
    • 1978
    • 1924
    • 1953

  176. 176In which decade did a crewed vessel first descend to the deepest known point of the ocean?

    • The 1960s
    • The 1930s
    • The 1980s
    • The 2000s

  177. 177In which year was the wreck of the Titanic found on the seabed?

    • 1955
    • 1972
    • 1998
    • 1985

  178. 178Who was the first pilot to fly alone across the Atlantic without stopping?

    • Amy Johnson
    • Louis Blériot
    • Charles Lindbergh
    • Howard Hughes

  179. 179Which woman pilot, famous for ocean flights, vanished over the Pacific in 1937?

    • Amelia Earhart
    • Amy Johnson
    • Bessie Coleman
    • Jacqueline Cochran

  180. 180In which decade did an aircraft first break past the speed of sound?

    • The 1960s
    • The 1940s
    • The 1930s
    • The 1950s

  181. 181After the Suez Canal opened, which continent no longer had to be sailed around on the way from Europe to Asia?

    • Africa
    • Australia
    • South America
    • Antarctica

  182. 182Before the Panama Canal opened, where did ships sail around to pass from one ocean to the other?

    • The southern tip of South America
    • The west coast of Australia
    • The southern tip of Africa
    • The north of Greenland

  183. 183What job did cats do on the ships of explorers?

    • Helping to find the way
    • Catching fish
    • Cleaning the air on board
    • Hunting mice and rats

  184. 184Which animal did Europeans bring to the Americas that radically changed transport?

    • The horse
    • The dog
    • The turkey
    • The llama

  185. 185How did Polynesian sailors find new islands in the Pacific?

    • By using a magnetic compass
    • By reading the swells and following birds
    • By following ready-made coastal charts
    • By watching for lighthouse beams

  186. 186Which illness killed sailors on long voyages and was prevented by fresh fruit and vegetables?

    • Scurvy
    • Cholera
    • Tuberculosis
    • Malaria

  187. 187Sailors struggled for centuries to find their longitude; which invention solved that problem?

    • A ship with an iron hull
    • A more powerful telescope
    • A bigger sail
    • A precise clock that kept time at sea

  188. 188How did Spain and Portugal divide the newly found lands between them in the age of discovery?

    • By leaving it to the local peoples to decide
    • By going to war with each other
    • By signing a treaty and drawing a line on the map
    • By drawing lots

  189. 189What are the steady winds that carried sailing ships reliably across the ocean called?

    • The polar winds
    • The trade winds
    • The land breeze
    • The monsoon winds

  190. 190What are the winds that made ships change route with the season in the Indian Ocean called?

    • The sea breeze
    • The monsoon winds
    • The trade winds
    • The westerlies

  191. 191How were regions not yet seen usually shown on old maps?

    • They were hatched with dashed lines
    • They were left blank or filled in by guesswork
    • They were painted entirely in red
    • They were left off the map altogether

  192. 192What did Thor Heyerdahl set out in to prove ancient people could cross the ocean?

    • On a raft built of balsa wood
    • In a boat woven from reeds
    • In a canoe covered with hide
    • In a boat hollowed from a single trunk

  193. 193What exists permanently on the continent of Antarctica today?

    • Mining towns
    • Small towns
    • Only research stations
    • Farming villages

  194. 194What is the hard dry bread taken on long voyages because it kept for months called?

    • Baguette
    • Rye loaf
    • Flatbread
    • Hardtack

  195. 195Which continent was the last to be seen and added to maps?

    • South America
    • Australia
    • Africa
    • Antarctica

  196. 196Which of the world's favourite flavours did explorers bring from the Americas to Europe?

    • Cacao
    • Tea
    • Cinnamon
    • Coffee

  197. 197What did astronauts first bring back to Earth from the surface of the Moon?

    • A living microorganism
    • Rock and soil samples
    • Blocks of frozen water
    • A piece of an ancient meteor

  198. 198How did China's great sea voyages of the fifteenth century come to an end?

    • The state halted the voyages and the great fleet was broken up
    • A rival navy closed the sea route
    • The whole fleet sank in a storm
    • The crews mutinied and turned back

  199. 199What set explorers walking over the ice toward the North Pole back the most?

    • The ice they walked on drifting the other way
    • Snow never falling in the region
    • Daylight never coming to the region
    • The ice vanishing completely in summer

  200. 200In which decade did crewed Moon landings stop for good?

    • The 1990s
    • The 1970s
    • The 1960s
    • The 1980s

  201. 201Which Babylonian king had his famous laws carved on a stone pillar?

    • Nebuchadnezzar
    • Ashurbanipal
    • Hammurabi
    • Sargon

  202. 202Which Egyptian pharaoh had the giant rock temples at Abu Simbel built?

    • Akhenaten
    • Tutankhamun
    • Khufu
    • Ramesses II

  203. 203Which Egyptian queen is known for the famous painted bust displayed in Berlin?

    • Nefertiti
    • Queen Tiye
    • Cleopatra
    • Hatshepsut

  204. 204Which statesman led Athens in its golden age and began the great buildings on the Acropolis?

    • Pericles
    • Solon
    • Themistocles
    • Cleisthenes

  205. 205Which king commanded the Spartans who resisted the Persians at the pass of Thermopylae?

    • Miltiades
    • Themistocles
    • Lysander
    • Leonidas

  206. 206Who wrote the famous strategy book 'The Art of War'?

    • Confucius
    • Sun Tzu
    • Laozi
    • Mencius

  207. 207Which Chinese thinker is considered the founder of Taoism?

    • Mozi
    • Confucius
    • Sun Tzu
    • Laozi

  208. 208What is the name of the Indian prince regarded as the founder of Buddhism?

    • Mahavira
    • Siddhartha Gautama
    • Nagarjuna
    • Bodhidharma

  209. 209Which Maurya emperor spread Buddhism beyond India and had his edicts inscribed on stone pillars?

    • Ashoka
    • Chandragupta
    • Harsha
    • Kanishka

  210. 210For which Chinese emperor was the buried giant terracotta army made?

    • Qin Shi Huang
    • Kangxi
    • Kublai Khan
    • Wu Zetian

  211. 211Which Roman emperor issued the Edict of Milan granting freedom to Christianity?

    • Trajan
    • Diocletian
    • Theodosius
    • Constantine I

  212. 212Which Byzantine emperor had Roman law gathered into a single collection of statutes?

    • Alexios I
    • Justinian I
    • Basil I
    • Heraclius

  213. 213Which Frankish king was crowned emperor in Rome in the year 800?

    • Clovis
    • Richard the Lionheart
    • Charlemagne
    • William the Conqueror

  214. 214Which commander retook Jerusalem from the Crusaders in 1187?

    • Baybars
    • Harun al-Rashid
    • Nur ad-Din Zangi
    • Saladin

  215. 215Which Mongol ruler founded the Yuan dynasty in China?

    • Batu Khan
    • Hulagu Khan
    • Kublai Khan
    • Ogedei Khan

  216. 216Which Islamic scholar wrote the great medical encyclopedia taught in European universities for centuries?

    • Avicenna
    • Averroes
    • Al-Farabi
    • Al-Razi

  217. 217Which medieval mathematician gave his name to the word 'algorithm'?

    • Omar Khayyam
    • Al-Biruni
    • Ibn al-Haytham
    • Al-Khwarizmi

  218. 218Who wrote the 'Muqaddimah', a work examining the rise and fall of societies?

    • Ibn Khaldun
    • Al-Ghazali
    • Avicenna
    • Al-Kindi

  219. 219Which young woman led the French army in the Hundred Years' War and was later declared a saint?

    • Eleanor of Aquitaine
    • Joan of Arc
    • Catherine de' Medici
    • Marie Antoinette

  220. 220Which German churchman started the Reformation with the theses he published in 1517?

    • John Calvin
    • Erasmus
    • Thomas More
    • Martin Luther

  221. 221Which Polish astronomer proposed that the Earth revolves around the Sun?

    • Tycho Brahe
    • Galileo Galilei
    • Johannes Kepler
    • Nicolaus Copernicus

  222. 222Which astronomer showed that the orbits of the planets are elliptical?

    • Nicolaus Copernicus
    • Tycho Brahe
    • Edmond Halley
    • Johannes Kepler

  223. 223Which ancient scholar is said to have shouted 'I've found it!' on discovering buoyancy?

    • Archimedes
    • Pythagoras
    • Euclid
    • Thales

  224. 224Which ancient Greek mathematician wrote 'Elements', regarded as the basic book of geometry?

    • Euclid
    • Apollonius
    • Archimedes
    • Eratosthenes

  225. 225The famous oath doctors take when starting their profession bears the name of which ancient Greek physician?

    • Galen
    • Aristotle
    • Hippocrates
    • Herophilus

  226. 226The famous relation between the sides of a right triangle is named after which ancient Greek mathematician?

    • Euclid
    • Archimedes
    • Thales
    • Pythagoras

  227. 227Which ancient astronomer's Earth-centred model of the universe was accepted for centuries?

    • Hipparchus
    • Aristarchus
    • Anaxagoras
    • Ptolemy

  228. 228Who wrote 'The Prince', a book telling rulers how to hold on to power?

    • Erasmus
    • Thomas More
    • Niccolò Machiavelli
    • Jean Bodin

  229. 229Which French philosopher is known for the saying 'I think, therefore I am'?

    • Montesquieu
    • Blaise Pascal
    • René Descartes
    • Voltaire

  230. 230Which philosopher defended the idea of popular sovereignty in his work 'The Social Contract'?

    • John Locke
    • Denis Diderot
    • Montesquieu
    • Jean-Jacques Rousseau

  231. 231Which French thinker argued that legislative, executive and judicial powers should be separated?

    • Voltaire
    • Jean-Jacques Rousseau
    • Montesquieu
    • Denis Diderot

  232. 232Which thinker is seen as the founder of modern economics and wrote 'The Wealth of Nations'?

    • Adam Smith
    • David Ricardo
    • John Stuart Mill
    • Thomas Malthus

  233. 233Which English philosopher argued that people are born with rights to life, liberty and property?

    • John Locke
    • David Hume
    • Francis Bacon
    • Thomas Hobbes

  234. 234Which English philosopher defended a strong state authority in his work 'Leviathan'?

    • Thomas Hobbes
    • David Hume
    • Adam Smith
    • John Locke

  235. 235Which German philosopher is known for the work 'Critique of Pure Reason'?

    • Georg Hegel
    • Gottfried Leibniz
    • Immanuel Kant
    • Arthur Schopenhauer

  236. 236Which thinker co-wrote the 'Communist Manifesto' and later wrote 'Capital'?

    • Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
    • Vladimir Lenin
    • Friedrich Engels
    • Karl Marx

  237. 237Which French ruler gave the Palace of Versailles its splendour and was called the 'Sun King'?

    • Louis XIV
    • Louis XVI
    • Napoleon Bonaparte
    • Henry IV

  238. 238Which queen sat on the English throne when the Spanish fleet was defeated in 1588?

    • Victoria
    • Mary I
    • Queen Anne
    • Elizabeth I

  239. 239Which tsar reshaped Russia along European lines and founded a new capital?

    • Nicholas II
    • Ivan the Terrible
    • Peter the Great
    • Alexander I

  240. 240Which German-born empress ruled Russia for more than thirty years and enlarged the empire?

    • Maria Theresa
    • Catherine the Great
    • Empress Anna
    • Empress Elizabeth

  241. 241Who was the first president of the United States?

    • Thomas Jefferson
    • George Washington
    • John Adams
    • Benjamin Franklin

  242. 242Which president led the abolition of slavery in America and governed during the civil war years?

    • Abraham Lincoln
    • Theodore Roosevelt
    • Andrew Jackson
    • Ulysses Grant

  243. 243Which queen of France was removed from the throne and executed during the French Revolution?

    • Josephine
    • Marie Antoinette
    • Catherine de' Medici
    • Madame de Pompadour

  244. 244Which English woman turned nursing into a modern profession and worked in war hospitals?

    • Florence Nightingale
    • Clara Barton
    • Mary Seacole
    • Elizabeth Blackwell

  245. 245Which monk discovered the basic rules of heredity through experiments with pea plants?

    • Carl Linnaeus
    • Gregor Mendel
    • Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
    • Charles Darwin

  246. 246Which Russian chemist arranged the elements by their properties and drew up the first orderly table?

    • Antoine Lavoisier
    • Dmitri Mendeleev
    • John Dalton
    • Robert Boyle

  247. 247Which Swedish naturalist created the system of giving living things two-word Latin names?

    • Georges Cuvier
    • Carl Linnaeus
    • Alexander von Humboldt
    • Charles Darwin

  248. 248Which German scientist proposed that the continents have moved over time?

    • Charles Lyell
    • Alfred Wegener
    • James Hutton
    • Eduard Suess

  249. 249Which English scientist showed that magnets can produce electricity?

    • André-Marie Ampère
    • Michael Faraday
    • Alessandro Volta
    • James Clerk Maxwell

  250. 250Which physician developed the idea of the unconscious and is seen as the founder of psychoanalysis?

    • Sigmund Freud
    • Carl Jung
    • Alfred Adler
    • Wilhelm Wundt

  251. 251Which Russian scientist demonstrated the conditioned reflex through experiments with dogs?

    • Sigmund Freud
    • Ivan Pavlov
    • Wilhelm Wundt
    • Ilya Mechnikov

  252. 252Which physicist is known for work on black holes and wrote 'A Brief History of Time'?

    • Stephen Hawking
    • Roger Penrose
    • Carl Sagan
    • Richard Feynman

  253. 253Which leader guided India's independence struggle without resorting to violence?

    • Subhas Chandra Bose
    • Jawaharlal Nehru
    • Muhammad Ali Jinnah
    • Mahatma Gandhi

  254. 254Which leader is known for fighting racial segregation in South Africa and spent twenty-seven years in prison?

    • Steve Biko
    • Nelson Mandela
    • Kwame Nkrumah
    • Desmond Tutu

  255. 255Which American civil rights leader is remembered for the famous speech beginning 'I have a dream'?

    • Martin Luther King
    • Malcolm X
    • Rosa Parks
    • Frederick Douglass

  256. 256Which statesman became prime minister in 1940 and led the United Kingdom through the Second World War?

    • Neville Chamberlain
    • Winston Churchill
    • Anthony Eden
    • Clement Attlee

  257. 257Which American president answered the Great Depression with the 'New Deal' and was elected four times?

    • Harry Truman
    • Woodrow Wilson
    • Herbert Hoover
    • Franklin Roosevelt

  258. 258Who led the October Revolution of 1917 and founded the Soviet state?

    • Joseph Stalin
    • Leon Trotsky
    • Alexander Kerensky
    • Vladimir Lenin

  259. 259Which leader proclaimed the People's Republic of China in 1949?

    • Deng Xiaoping
    • Zhou Enlai
    • Mao Zedong
    • Chiang Kai-shek

  260. 260Which last leader of the Soviet Union launched the policies of openness and restructuring?

    • Leonid Brezhnev
    • Boris Yeltsin
    • Nikita Khrushchev
    • Mikhail Gorbachev

  261. 261Which young girl became world famous for the diary she kept while hiding during the Nazi occupation?

    • Sophie Scholl
    • Irena Sendler
    • Etty Hillesum
    • Anne Frank

  262. 262Who is known for a life devoted to the poor of Calcutta and received the Nobel Peace Prize?

    • Wangari Maathai
    • Malala Yousafzai
    • Mother Teresa
    • Jane Addams

  263. 263Who became the youngest Nobel Peace Prize winner for campaigning for girls' right to education?

    • Malala Yousafzai
    • Greta Thunberg
    • Wangari Maathai
    • Shirin Ebadi

  264. 264Which ruler was at the head of the Aztec Empire when the Spanish arrived?

    • Moctezuma II
    • Pachacuti
    • Atahualpa
    • Cuauhtémoc

  265. 265Which Inca ruler was captured and killed by the Spaniards under Pizarro?

    • Atahualpa
    • Tupac Amaru
    • Moctezuma II
    • Pachacuti

  266. 266Which Central Asian conqueror made Samarkand his capital and built a vast empire in the 14th century?

    • Genghis Khan
    • Ulugh Beg
    • Tamerlane
    • Babur

  267. 267Which ruler descended from Tamerlane founded a great Muslim empire in India in the 16th century?

    • Akbar
    • Aurangzeb
    • Babur
    • Shah Jahan

  268. 268Which ruler had the Taj Mahal built in memory of his wife?

    • Akbar
    • Aurangzeb
    • Babur
    • Shah Jahan

  269. 269Who founded the shogunate at Edo and began a dynasty that ruled Japan for centuries?

    • Tokugawa Ieyasu
    • Oda Nobunaga
    • Minamoto no Yoritomo
    • Toyotomi Hideyoshi

  270. 270Japan's rapid modernisation in the 19th century is named after which emperor?

    • Meiji
    • Hirohito
    • Taisho
    • Komei

  271. 271Which last emperor ruled Ethiopia for many years and supported the idea of African unity?

    • Yohannes IV
    • Tewodros II
    • Menelik II
    • Haile Selassie

  272. 272Which ruler of the Mali Empire became famous for the gold he gave away on his journey to Mecca?

    • Askia Muhammad
    • Sundiata Keita
    • Shaka Zulu
    • Mansa Musa

  273. 273Which 16th-century ruler held both the Spanish crown and the throne of the Holy Roman Empire?

    • Ferdinand I
    • Francis I
    • Charles V
    • Philip II

  274. 274Which Hun ruler struck fear across Europe in the 5th century?

    • Alaric
    • Theodoric
    • Attila
    • Odoacer

  275. 275Which leader is regarded as the founder of the republic that followed the end of imperial rule in China?

    • Mao Zedong
    • Sun Yat-sen
    • Yuan Shikai
    • Chiang Kai-shek

  276. 276At the Battle of Salamis, the Greek fleet defeated the navy of which empire?

    • Persian Empire
    • Roman Empire
    • Ancient Egypt
    • Carthage

  277. 277In which battle did Alexander the Great decisively defeat the Persian army?

    • Battle of Actium
    • Battle of Cannae
    • Battle of Zama
    • Battle of Gaugamela

  278. 278What is the tight formation called that ancient Greek infantry made by locking their shields together?

    • Legion
    • Phalanx
    • Wedge formation
    • Cohort

  279. 279What was the main Roman army unit of about five thousand soldiers called?

    • Phalanx
    • Cavalry squadron
    • Legion
    • Garrison

  280. 280What was the ancient Mediterranean warship with three rows of oarsmen called?

    • Galleon
    • Trireme
    • Frigate
    • Caravel

  281. 281What is the name of the thousands of clay soldier statues guarding a Chinese emperor's tomb?

    • The Sacred Band
    • Dragon Legion
    • The Immortals
    • Terracotta Army

  282. 282What was the name of the ten-thousand-strong elite guard of the Persian Empire?

    • The Sacred Band
    • The Praetorian Guard
    • The Immortals
    • The Janissaries

  283. 283Which Roman commander defeated Hannibal at the Battle of Zama?

    • Julius Caesar
    • Marcus Aurelius
    • Pompey
    • Scipio Africanus

  284. 284What is the two-wheeled attack vehicle pulled by horses in ancient Egyptian armies called?

    • Trebuchet
    • Battering ram
    • Siege tower
    • War chariot

  285. 285In ancient Rome, what was the ceremony for a commander who won a great victory called?

    • Gladiator games
    • The triumph
    • Coronation ceremony
    • Senate session

  286. 286What is the name of Sun Tzu's famous work on military strategy?

    • The Republic
    • The Art of War
    • The Book of Five Rings
    • The Prince

  287. 287What kind of soldiers made up most of the Carthaginian army?

    • Conscripts
    • Noble cavalry
    • Mercenaries
    • Volunteer farmers

  288. 288Which animal was shown on the standard carried by Roman legions, whose loss was a great disgrace?

    • Eagle
    • Wolf
    • Bull
    • Lion

  289. 289In ancient Greece, what was the foot soldier fighting with heavy armour and a long spear called?

    • Legionary
    • Hoplite
    • Cavalryman
    • Archer

  290. 290What is the defensive ditch around medieval castles, often filled with water, called?

    • Gatehouse
    • Moat
    • Turret
    • Battlement

  291. 291What do you call taking a fortress by surrounding it and cutting off food and help?

    • Ambush
    • Siege
    • Raid
    • Retreat

  292. 292What is the siege machine that uses a counterweight to hurl heavy stones over walls called?

    • Crossbow
    • Trebuchet
    • Battering ram
    • Siege tower

  293. 293What is the heavy metal-tipped log used to break down castle gates called?

    • Trebuchet
    • Siege tower
    • Crossbow
    • Battering ram

  294. 294In medieval Europe, what was the armoured noble warrior who fought on horseback called?

    • Samurai
    • Legionary
    • Hoplite
    • Knight

  295. 295What is the display contest in which knights charged at each other on horseback with lances called?

    • Hunting party
    • Parade
    • Tournament
    • Military drill

  296. 296What is the type of armour woven from small interlocking metal rings called?

    • Scale armour
    • Plate armour
    • Leather armour
    • Chain mail

  297. 297Which long-range weapon gave the English army the edge in the Hundred Years' War?

    • Trebuchet
    • Longbow
    • Spear
    • Crossbow

  298. 298What is the name of the curved sword used by the warrior class in medieval Japan?

    • Katana
    • Rapier
    • Scimitar
    • Dagger

  299. 299What was the main way of fighting that gave Mongol armies their advantage?

    • War elephants
    • Naval blockade
    • Heavy armoured infantry
    • Mounted archery

  300. 300Which simple invention changed mounted combat completely by letting a rider stay balanced in the saddle?

    • Stirrup
    • Horseshoe
    • Bit
    • Reins

  301. 301Which famous battle did the English win against the French on muddy ground in 1415?

    • Battle of Poitiers
    • Battle of Agincourt
    • Battle of Bouvines
    • Battle of Crécy

  302. 302Which young woman lifted the siege of Orléans and gave the French army new heart?

    • Isabella of Castile
    • Eleanor of Aquitaine
    • Joan of Arc
    • Empress Matilda

  303. 303Which English civil wars between two noble houses took their name from two roses?

    • The Thirty Years' War
    • The Wars of the Roses
    • The Hundred Years' War
    • The War of the Crowns

  304. 304What is the strongest main tower of a medieval castle, used as the last line of defence, called?

    • Barbican
    • Wall walk
    • The keep
    • Turret

  305. 305How did castle walls change after gunpowder cannons became widespread?

    • They got taller and thinner
    • They got lower and thicker
    • They began to be built of wood
    • They were removed altogether

  306. 306In which country was the gunpowder used in cannons and guns first invented?

    • China
    • Italy
    • India
    • Ancient Egypt

  307. 307The spread of cannons and guns reduced the importance of which warrior class in Europe?

    • Sailors
    • Engineers
    • Archers
    • Armoured knights

  308. 308Which great sea battle was fought between oared fleets in the Mediterranean in 1571?

    • Battle of Salamis
    • Battle of Actium
    • Battle of Trafalgar
    • Battle of Lepanto

  309. 309In which sea battle did the British navy defeat the French and Spanish fleet in 1805?

    • Battle of Lepanto
    • Battle of Trafalgar
    • Battle of Jutland
    • Battle of Midway

  310. 310Which famous admiral commanded the British fleet at Trafalgar?

    • Francis Drake
    • John Jellicoe
    • Horatio Nelson
    • James Cook

  311. 311Which peace treaty ended the Thirty Years' War and is seen as the basis of the modern state order?

    • Treaty of Versailles
    • Congress of Vienna
    • Treaty of Utrecht
    • Peace of Westphalia

  312. 312Which battle ended in Napoleon's final defeat and closed the long era of war in Europe?

    • Battle of Leipzig
    • Battle of Austerlitz
    • Battle of Borodino
    • Battle of Waterloo

  313. 313Which battle is considered Napoleon's greatest victory and is also called the Battle of the Three Emperors?

    • Battle of Austerlitz
    • Battle of Waterloo
    • Battle of Wagram
    • Battle of Jena

  314. 314Which international meeting redrew the map of Europe after the Napoleonic wars?

    • Congress of Vienna
    • Peace of Westphalia
    • Treaty of Utrecht
    • Congress of Berlin

  315. 315What mainly wore down Napoleon's army during his 1812 campaign in Russia?

    • The harsh winter and supply problems
    • A naval blockade
    • Allies pulling out
    • A shortage of weapons

  316. 316Who laid the foundations of modern nursing during the Crimean War?

    • Clara Barton
    • Edith Cavell
    • Florence Nightingale
    • Marie Curie

  317. 317Which international organisation was founded in 1863 to help the wounded in wartime?

    • The World Health Organization
    • The Red Cross
    • United Nations
    • League of Nations

  318. 318What was the most distinctive feature of the fighting on the Western Front in the First World War?

    • Desert warfare
    • Trench warfare
    • Aerial bombing
    • Amphibious landings

  319. 319Which armoured vehicle was used for the first time in the First World War to cross trenches?

    • Tank
    • Helicopter
    • Submarine
    • Aircraft carrier

  320. 320At the start of the First World War, what were aeroplanes mostly used for?

    • Scouting the enemy
    • Carrying passengers
    • Fighting fires
    • Carrying mail

  321. 321What was the side that Germany and Austria-Hungary belonged to in the First World War called?

    • The Central Powers
    • The Entente Powers
    • The Axis Powers
    • The Holy Alliance

  322. 322What was the side formed by Britain, France and Russia in the First World War called?

    • The Holy Alliance
    • The Entente Powers
    • The Central Powers
    • The Axis Powers

  323. 323Which new weapon became the greatest threat to merchant ships in the First World War?

    • Tank
    • Radar
    • Aircraft carrier
    • Submarine

  324. 324Which battle halted the German advance on Paris at the start of the First World War?

    • Battle of the Marne
    • Battle of the Somme
    • Battle of Ypres
    • Battle of Verdun

  325. 325What did soldiers on some fronts do at Christmas 1914 during the First World War?

    • They declared a spontaneous truce
    • They abandoned the front entirely
    • They launched a new attack
    • They handed over their weapons

  326. 326What happened to the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the end of the First World War?

    • It broke up into several new states
    • It expanded its borders
    • It changed its name and carried on
    • It joined France

  327. 327Which of these was a new state that appeared on the map of Europe after the First World War?

    • Sweden
    • Spain
    • Portugal
    • Czechoslovakia

  328. 328What was the group formed by Germany, Italy and Japan in the Second World War called?

    • The Allies
    • The Central Powers
    • The Entente Powers
    • The Axis Powers

  329. 329What was Germany's method of sudden attack with armoured units and aircraft called?

    • Trench warfare
    • Blitzkrieg
    • Siege warfare
    • Naval blockade

  330. 330Which battle stopped the German air attacks in the skies over Britain in 1940?

    • Battle of El Alamein
    • Battle of Britain
    • Battle of the Bulge
    • Battle of Midway

  331. 331Which new technology gave early warning that aircraft were approaching in the Second World War?

    • Radar
    • Compass
    • Two-way radio
    • Sonar

  332. 332What was the name of the machine that produced the German army's coded messages in the Second World War?

    • Telex
    • Bombe
    • Colossus
    • Enigma

  333. 333Which British mathematician did pioneering work on breaking the German codes?

    • John von Neumann
    • Isaac Newton
    • Alan Turing
    • Charles Babbage

  334. 334Which sea battle is regarded as the turning point of the Pacific front in the Second World War?

    • Battle of Guadalcanal
    • Battle of Midway
    • Battle of Leyte Gulf
    • Battle of the Coral Sea

  335. 335Which German commander was known for the desert fighting in North Africa and nicknamed the Desert Fox?

    • Erwin Rommel
    • Karl Dönitz
    • Wilhelm Keitel
    • Heinz Guderian

  336. 336Which general led the Allies in Europe and later became US president?

    • Douglas MacArthur
    • George Patton
    • Dwight Eisenhower
    • Omar Bradley

  337. 337In which battle did the Allies gain the upper hand in North Africa during the Second World War?

    • Battle of El Alamein
    • Siege of Tobruk
    • Landing at Anzio
    • Battle of Monte Cassino

  338. 338Which European country stayed officially neutral during the Second World War?

    • Belgium
    • France
    • Greece
    • Switzerland

  339. 339Which international organisation was founded in 1945 after the Second World War to keep the peace?

    • European Union
    • United Nations
    • League of Nations
    • NATO

  340. 340Which military alliance did Western countries form in 1949 after the Second World War?

    • NATO
    • The Warsaw Pact
    • League of Nations
    • European Union

  341. 341Which military alliance did the Eastern Bloc countries form during the Cold War?

    • NATO
    • The Holy Alliance
    • The Warsaw Pact
    • The Council of Europe

  342. 342What was the name of the American aid programme for rebuilding Europe after the Second World War?

    • The Schuman Plan
    • The Monroe Doctrine
    • The Truman Doctrine
    • The Marshall Plan

  343. 343When the land routes to Berlin were closed in 1948, how were supplies brought to the city?

    • By ship
    • Through underground tunnels
    • By train
    • By aircraft

  344. 344Which colour of flag is waved on a battlefield to surrender or ask for talks?

    • White
    • Red
    • Green
    • Black

  345. 345Which bird is most widely used around the world as a symbol of peace?

    • Dove
    • Crow
    • Falcon
    • Eagle

  346. 346Which city gives its name to the conventions on the rights of prisoners and the wounded in war?

    • Geneva
    • Vienna
    • Rome
    • The Hague

  347. 347Which 1494 treaty divided newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal?

    • Congress of Vienna
    • Peace of Westphalia
    • Treaty of Utrecht
    • Treaty of Tordesillas

  348. 348Which city's name does the 1783 treaty that ended the American War of Independence carry?

    • Madrid
    • London
    • Vienna
    • Paris

  349. 349What is an agreement between two armies to stop fighting for a while called?

    • Ceasefire
    • Alliance
    • Peace treaty
    • Surrender

  350. 350What is the patterned clothing that keeps soldiers from being noticed in the field called?

    • Raincoat
    • Cloak
    • Uniform
    • Camouflage

  351. 351What is the prehistoric period called when farming and herding began and the first villages appeared?

    • The Bronze Age
    • The Paleolithic period
    • The Neolithic period
    • The Iron Age

  352. 352Before people learned to work metals, what were their tools mostly made of?

    • Iron
    • Glass
    • Stone and bone
    • Bronze

  353. 353According to archaeological findings, which animal did humans domesticate first?

    • The cow
    • The horse
    • The chicken
    • The dog

  354. 354Bronze is made by mixing which two metals?

    • Iron and coal
    • Copper and tin
    • Lead and zinc
    • Gold and silver

  355. 355Which shaggy elephant relative with long curved tusks died out at the end of the Ice Age?

    • The mammoth
    • The hippopotamus
    • The bison
    • The rhinoceros

  356. 356Cuneiform writing was mostly pressed onto which material?

    • Parchment
    • Silk cloth
    • Clay tablets
    • Glass plates

  357. 357What are the stepped tower temples of Mesopotamia called?

    • Acropolis
    • Pagoda
    • Cathedral
    • Ziggurat

  358. 358Babylon's monumental gate covered in blue glazed bricks carries the name of which goddess?

    • Freyja
    • Ishtar
    • Athena
    • Isis

  359. 359Which ancient city was the capital of the Hittite Empire?

    • Carthage
    • Hattusa
    • Persepolis
    • Babylon

  360. 360Which Assyrian capital was famous for its great library?

    • Jerusalem
    • Memphis
    • Nineveh
    • Troy

  361. 361Which people lived on today's Lebanese coast and spread their script through Mediterranean trade?

    • The Etruscans
    • The Phoenicians
    • The Celts
    • The Vikings

  362. 362Along which river did the ancient Egyptian civilization grow?

    • The Nile
    • The Tigris
    • The Ganges
    • The Yellow River

  363. 363What was the ancient Egyptian method of preserving the dead from decay called?

    • Burial at sea
    • Cremation
    • Burial in earth
    • Mummification

  364. 364The largest pyramid at Giza was built for which pharaoh?

    • Tutankhamun
    • Ramesses
    • Akhenaten
    • Khufu

  365. 365In ancient Egyptian religion, what is the sun god called?

    • Zeus
    • Ra
    • Vishnu
    • Odin

  366. 366After Cleopatra's death, Egypt became a province of which state?

    • The state of Carthage
    • The Persian Empire
    • The Kingdom of Macedon
    • The Roman Empire

  367. 367What title was given to the ruler of ancient Egypt?

    • Shah
    • Caliph
    • Pharaoh
    • Emperor

  368. 368What was the central square of ancient Greek cities, where people gathered and traded, called?

    • The caravanserai
    • The arena
    • The monastery
    • The agora

  369. 369In ancient Greece, what was the city of Sparta best known for?

    • Its military training
    • Its sea trade
    • Its theatre
    • Its statues

  370. 370What is the era called when Greek culture spread east after Alexander the Great's campaigns?

    • The Baroque period
    • The Hellenistic period
    • The Romantic period
    • The Classical period

  371. 371What is the form of government called in which Athenian citizens decided state affairs by voting?

    • Monarchy
    • Feudalism
    • Theocracy
    • Democracy

  372. 372In ancient Greek belief, which mountain was thought to be home to the gods?

    • Mount Olympus
    • Mount Ararat
    • Mount Fuji
    • Mount Everest

  373. 373Which ancient Greek is considered the father of history for researching and writing about past events?

    • Euclid
    • Socrates
    • Pythagoras
    • Herodotus

  374. 374After the Roman Empire split in two, what name is given to the eastern state?

    • The Kingdom of the Franks
    • The Byzantine Empire
    • The Persian Empire
    • The Holy Roman Empire

  375. 375What form of government did Rome have just before the imperial era began?

    • Rule by priests
    • An absolute monarchy
    • A republic
    • Rule by the army

  376. 376In Rome, gladiators who fought in the arena came mostly from which group?

    • Slaves and prisoners of war
    • Temple priests
    • Members of the senate
    • Wealthy merchants

  377. 377What is the name of the volcano that buried Pompeii in ash?

    • Stromboli
    • Krakatoa
    • Vesuvius
    • Etna

  378. 378Which emperor granted freedom of worship to Christianity in the Roman Empire?

    • Constantine
    • Caligula
    • Hadrian
    • Nero

  379. 379What was the official language of the state in ancient Rome?

    • Aramaic
    • Hebrew
    • Latin
    • Greek

  380. 380Which civilization first produced paper?

    • Rome
    • Egypt
    • China
    • India

  381. 381What is the name of the huge palace complex in Beijing where emperors lived?

    • The Red Fort
    • The Sky Palace
    • The Forbidden City
    • The Golden Palace

  382. 382For centuries, how were state officials chosen in China?

    • By drawing lots
    • By written examinations
    • Only by inheritance
    • By a popular vote

  383. 383Gunpowder was invented by which civilization?

    • Greek civilization
    • Egyptian civilization
    • Aztec civilization
    • Chinese civilization

  384. 384Which Chinese teaching advises living in harmony with nature?

    • Jainism
    • Zoroastrianism
    • Taoism
    • Shinto

  385. 385Which fine ceramic product did China sell to the world during the Ming era?

    • Earthenware pots
    • Porcelain
    • Marble
    • Crystal glass

  386. 386In which region did the Indus Valley Civilization, known for its planned cities and orderly streets, arise?

    • Western Europe
    • North Africa
    • South Asia
    • Central America

  387. 387In which country was Buddhism born?

    • China
    • India
    • Thailand
    • Japan

  388. 388Which Indian ruler is known for adopting Buddhism and spreading it across his realm?

    • Chandragupta
    • Akbar
    • Ashoka
    • Shah Jahan

  389. 389Which religion, born in India and spread to Southeast Asia, is the Angkor Wat temple linked to?

    • Confucianism
    • Hinduism
    • Taoism
    • Shinto

  390. 390Which empire had the Taj Mahal built?

    • The Gupta Empire
    • The Mughal Empire
    • The Maurya Empire
    • The Chola Empire

  391. 391Which city was the capital of the Aztec Empire?

    • Tikal
    • Teotihuacan
    • Cusco
    • Tenochtitlan

  392. 392What is the bundle of knotted cords the Inca used for keeping records called?

    • Seal
    • Papyrus
    • Abacus
    • Quipu

  393. 393The European conquerors who destroyed the Aztec and Inca empires in the 16th century came from which country?

    • France
    • Portugal
    • Spain
    • The Netherlands

  394. 394What method did the Inca develop to farm on steep mountain slopes?

    • Wet rice farming
    • Greenhouse growing
    • Leaving land fallow
    • Terracing

  395. 395In Mesoamerica, cocoa beans were long used for what purpose?

    • As dye
    • As building material
    • As fuel
    • As money

  396. 396Towers built in Maya cities to watch stars and planets show the growth of which science?

    • Chemistry
    • Astronomy
    • Geology
    • Medicine

  397. 397Which Persian ceremonial city is known for its magnificent palace ruins?

    • Alexandria
    • Persepolis
    • Samarkand
    • Damascus

  398. 398What is the name of the famous road the Persians built to speed up messages across their empire?

    • The Royal Road
    • The Silk Road
    • The Spice Route
    • The Salt Road

  399. 399Which religion widespread in ancient Persia is built on the struggle between good and evil?

    • Shinto
    • Hinduism
    • Buddhism
    • Zoroastrianism

  400. 400Which ruler founded the Persian Empire?

    • Alexander the Great
    • Xerxes
    • Darius
    • Cyrus the Great

  401. 401The wealth of the Mali Empire in West Africa rested mostly on which metal?

    • Gold
    • Iron
    • Tin
    • Coal

  402. 402Which desert city was the famous trade and learning centre of the Mali Empire?

    • Cairo
    • Marrakesh
    • Zanzibar
    • Timbuktu

  403. 403What is the most striking feature of the Great Zimbabwe ruins?

    • Glass roofs
    • Stone walls built without mortar
    • Wooden temples
    • Gold-covered towers

  404. 404Which ancient city-state founded in North Africa became Rome's strongest rival?

    • Carthage
    • Corinth
    • Troy
    • Ephesus

  405. 405Which ancient kingdom arose in Ethiopia and minted its own coins?

    • Ghana
    • Aksum
    • Mali
    • Songhai

  406. 406Which two goods were the most valuable in the caravan trade across the Sahara?

    • Tea and sugar
    • Coal and iron
    • Gold and salt
    • Glass and porcelain

  407. 407In medieval Europe, to whom did a knight swear loyalty?

    • To the town's merchants
    • To the craft guild
    • To the peasants
    • To his feudal lord

  408. 408Which epidemic wiped out a large part of Europe's population in the Middle Ages?

    • The plague
    • Cholera
    • Tuberculosis
    • Malaria

  409. 409What is the medieval era of rapid progress in science, medicine and philosophy in the Islamic world called?

    • The Reformation
    • The Industrial Age
    • The Age of Enlightenment
    • The Islamic Golden Age

  410. 410What was the famous Baghdad centre where ancient works were translated and science pursued called?

    • The House of Wisdom
    • The Palace of Stars
    • The Great Academy
    • The Book Bazaar

  411. 411What title was given to the military leader who ruled Japan in the emperor's name?

    • Shogun
    • Khagan
    • Tsar
    • Maharaja

  412. 412What are the medieval campaigns launched from Europe toward the holy lands called?

    • The Crusades
    • The voyages of discovery
    • The Great Exile
    • The Great Migration of peoples

  413. 413In medieval Europe, what was a peasant bound to the land and working his lord's fields called?

    • A knight
    • A guild master
    • A priest
    • A serf

  414. 414In which city, where the Medici family backed artists, did the Renaissance first flourish?

    • Milan
    • Florence
    • Naples
    • Venice

  415. 415What is the 16th-century European movement that called for reordering the church named?

    • The Enlightenment
    • The Renaissance
    • Romanticism
    • The Reformation

  416. 416What was the main power source running factory machines in the Industrial Revolution?

    • Electricity
    • Oil
    • Steam
    • Wind

  417. 417Rereading the works of which ancient civilizations helped spark the Renaissance?

    • Ancient Greece and Rome
    • The Maya and the Aztecs
    • India and China
    • Egypt and Babylon

  418. 418What was the biggest social change brought about by the Industrial Revolution?

    • Trade coming to a halt
    • Farming disappearing completely
    • Migration from village to city
    • Cities shrinking

  419. 419Which raw material did the weaving machines of the Industrial Revolution mostly process?

    • Paper
    • Glass
    • Leather
    • Cotton

  420. 420What is it called when European states divided Africa among themselves in the 19th century?

    • Feudalism
    • Nomadism
    • Chivalry
    • Colonialism

  421. 421Before money was used, how were goods exchanged?

    • Through banks
    • With promissory notes
    • With cheques
    • By bartering

  422. 422The invention of writing is taken as the start of which part of the human past?

    • Recorded history
    • The Ice Age
    • The Middle Ages
    • The Stone Age

  423. 423What need mainly gave rise to writing in Mesopotamia?

    • Sending letters
    • Keeping records of trade and goods
    • Writing poetry
    • Drawing maps

  424. 424Which is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World still standing today?

    • The Temple of Artemis
    • The Lighthouse of Alexandria
    • The Colossus of Rhodes
    • The Great Pyramid of Giza

  425. 425The first large cities in human history mostly arose in what setting?

    • In the middle of deserts
    • In glacial regions
    • On the banks of great rivers
    • On high mountain peaks

  426. 426Which famous fish-based sauce gave ancient Roman dishes their salty taste?

    • Honey
    • Olive oil
    • Vinegar
    • Garum

  427. 427From which continent was the potato brought to European cooking?

    • Asia
    • Australia
    • Africa
    • South America

  428. 428Why did people in medieval Europe often drink weak beer instead of water?

    • Wells worked only in winter
    • It was boiled while made, so it was safer
    • Buying water was forbidden
    • Beer was cheaper than water

  429. 429Which food protected sailors from scurvy on long sea voyages?

    • Boiled rice
    • Salted meat
    • Dried beans
    • Citrus fruits

  430. 430What was the hard twice-baked bread kept on ships for months called?

    • Leavened loaf
    • Sweet bun
    • Thin flatbread
    • Hardtack

  431. 431Which continent is the coffee plant native to?

    • Africa
    • South America
    • Oceania
    • Europe

  432. 432Before sugar spread in Europe, what was most food sweetened with?

    • Sugar beet
    • Honey
    • Date syrup
    • Vanilla

  433. 433Which civilization is thought to have first used leavening to raise bread?

    • The Vikings
    • The Mongols
    • The Egyptians
    • The Aztecs

  434. 434Before the fridge was invented, how were foods kept cool in summer?

    • Winter snow was stored in underground pits
    • They were buried in chests full of sand
    • Foods were boiled every morning
    • They were kept in copper vessels

  435. 435In medieval Europe, what was often used instead of a plate at poor tables?

    • A thick slice of stale bread
    • A dry tree leaf
    • A thin piece of leather
    • A flat stone slab

  436. 436Besides as food, what did the Aztecs and Maya use cacao beans as?

    • As dye
    • As money
    • As glue
    • As fuel

  437. 437In the Mediterranean world, what was olive oil most used for besides cooking?

    • Weaving cloth
    • Lighting and body care
    • Melting metal
    • Building walls

  438. 438Why were spices so expensive in medieval Europe?

    • They were carried from far lands over hard routes
    • They spoiled quickly and became unusable
    • They could be sold only to nobles
    • They took a hundred years to grow

  439. 439What made up the basis of a peasant's daily meals in medieval Europe?

    • Fruit and nuts
    • Fish and seafood
    • Grain, bread and soup
    • Meat and game

  440. 440In what position did wealthy Romans eat at banquets?

    • Standing up
    • Reclining
    • Kneeling
    • While walking

  441. 441The purple dye, the costliest in the ancient world, came from which creature?

    • A sea snail
    • Bird feathers
    • Tree bark
    • Butterfly wings

  442. 442Who had the right to wear a toga in ancient Rome?

    • Everyone
    • Only male citizens
    • Only soldiers
    • Only priests

  443. 443In ancient Egypt, most clothing was woven from which plant?

    • Flax
    • Bamboo
    • Cotton
    • Hemp

  444. 444What did the long wigs worn by men in 17th and 18th century Europe signal?

    • A religious duty
    • That one was in mourning
    • Wealth and social rank
    • Military service

  445. 445Before buttons became common, how were clothes usually fastened?

    • With hook-and-loop strips
    • With zippers
    • With brooches and pins
    • With snap fasteners

  446. 446What did medieval European clothing laws regulate?

    • The selling price of garments
    • Tailors' working hours
    • Who could wear which fabric and colour
    • The import tax on fabrics

  447. 447What were the multi-storey rental buildings of ordinary Romans called?

    • Villa
    • Insula
    • Thermae
    • Forum

  448. 448What usually covered the earth floor of medieval village houses?

    • Fired clay tiles
    • Straw and dry rushes
    • Glass mosaics
    • Woven carpets

  449. 449What is the portable felt tent of Central Asian nomads called?

    • Igloo
    • Yurt
    • Cabin
    • Tipi

  450. 450In early settlements like Çatalhöyük, how did people enter their houses?

    • Through an underground tunnel
    • Through an opening in the roof
    • Through a wide window
    • Through a garden gate

  451. 451What was the underfloor heating system of Roman baths and rich houses called?

    • Hypocaust
    • Aqueduct
    • Atrium
    • Cistern

  452. 452Why were large tapestries hung on the walls of medieval castles?

    • To amplify sound
    • To hold the wall up
    • To block the cold and keep rooms warm
    • To prevent fire

  453. 453What is the rice-straw mat flooring laid in Japanese homes called?

    • Shoji
    • Kimono
    • Tatami
    • Futon

  454. 454How did a medieval European peasant usually pay the landholder?

    • With gold coins
    • With part of the harvest and forced labour
    • With paper money
    • With seashells

  455. 455Before glass was common, what closed the window openings of European houses at night?

    • With metal sheets
    • With iron bars
    • With stone blocks
    • With wooden shutters

  456. 456What were the roadside stones marking the remaining distance on Roman roads called?

    • Altar stone
    • Gravestone
    • Boundary stone
    • Milestone

  457. 457What were the buildings where Silk Road travellers and animals spent the night called?

    • Caravanserai
    • Barracks
    • Monastery
    • Agora

  458. 458How was news carried quickly along the Persian Royal Road?

    • By relays of mounted couriers
    • By trained pigeons
    • By drum signals
    • By ringing tower bells

  459. 459Why were camels indispensable to desert caravans?

    • They can travel long without water
    • They run much faster than horses
    • They can load cargo by themselves
    • They can see in the dark at night

  460. 460Which weather pattern set the sailing seasons of Indian Ocean traders?

    • Drought
    • The hurricane
    • Fog
    • The monsoon

  461. 461In the Middle Ages, what proved a letter really came from its sender?

    • A picture attached to the letter
    • A seal pressed into wax
    • A fingerprint on the paper
    • The special colour of the paper

  462. 462Before newspapers, who announced important news to townspeople?

    • From a postman coming to the house
    • From a wall sheet posted on doors
    • From a crier shouting in the square
    • From flags raised on a hill

  463. 463What was the old way of sending news far from hilltop towers?

    • Fire and smoke signals
    • A chain of ringing bells
    • Notes tied to kites
    • Shouting loudly from the ground

  464. 464What was the biggest difficulty of barter before money was used?

    • Both sides had to want what the other had
    • The king's permission was needed
    • Carrying goods was forbidden
    • Trade happened only at night

  465. 465For centuries, what served as money across much of Africa and Asia?

    • Bird eggs
    • Seashells
    • Dry leaves
    • Tree barks

  466. 466What did medieval merchants turn to instead of carrying gold on long journeys?

    • Sealed bolts of cloth
    • Sacks of grain
    • Written payment documents
    • Copper ingots

  467. 467Which tool did ancient city officials inspect to prevent cheating in markets?

    • Compasses
    • Scales and weights
    • Sea charts
    • Water clocks

  468. 468What was the main role of guilds in medieval towns?

    • Setting a trade's rules and prices
    • Opening schools for children
    • Defending the town from enemies
    • Collecting taxes for the king

  469. 469What chiefly made Venice and Genoa rich in the Middle Ages?

    • Whaling
    • Sea trade
    • Grain farming
    • Mining

  470. 470What danger did caravans fear most on long journeys?

    • Bandits on the road
    • Thunder
    • Morning fog
    • A fair met along the way

  471. 471What were water mills used for most in medieval Europe?

    • Grinding grain into flour
    • Drawing water from wells
    • Forging iron
    • Dyeing cloth

  472. 472Why were leather workshops set up at the edge of medieval towns?

    • Because they took up much space
    • Because they often caused fires
    • Because of their heavy smell
    • Because they were very noisy

  473. 473About how many hours a day did workers labour in the first factories?

    • 12-16 hours
    • 3-4 hours
    • 20-22 hours
    • 6-8 hours

  474. 474During the Industrial Revolution, what told workers a shift had begun?

    • The church bell
    • A messenger going door to door
    • The morning newspaper
    • The factory whistle

  475. 475In Mesopotamia, what did students practise writing on?

    • On copper plates
    • On wet clay tablets
    • On strips of cloth
    • On glass panes

  476. 476What did students in ancient Greece and Rome write their daily notes on?

    • On lead pipes
    • On wax-coated wooden tablets
    • On thin marble slabs
    • On leather pouches

  477. 477In which language were lessons taught at medieval European universities?

    • German
    • Greek
    • Latin
    • French

  478. 478What was the traditional teaching institution of the Islamic world called?

    • Gymnasion
    • Monastery school
    • Academy
    • Madrasa

  479. 479What is the bead frame used for calculating for thousands of years called?

    • Abacus
    • Vice clamp
    • Hourglass
    • Compass tool

  480. 480In what were children mainly trained in ancient Sparta?

    • Trade and accounting
    • Military training and endurance
    • Farming and herding
    • Music and poetry

  481. 481In which country did the earliest form of chess appear?

    • Spain
    • India
    • Egypt
    • Russia

  482. 482What is the board game played in ancient Egypt and shown in tomb paintings?

    • Draughts
    • Go
    • Senet
    • Backgammon

  483. 483What were the wandering singers who also carried news in medieval Europe called?

    • Wandering minstrels
    • Court alchemists
    • Monastery monks
    • Wandering knights

  484. 484Which races drew the biggest crowds in ancient Rome?

    • Chariot races
    • Boat races
    • Swimming races
    • Archery tournaments

  485. 485What was the yearly event in the Middle Ages that mixed trade with entertainment?

    • A guild meeting
    • A fair
    • A court day
    • A military muster

  486. 486In which country were the first bristle toothbrushes made?

    • Brazil
    • Greece
    • China
    • Sweden

  487. 487Before brushes spread, what were teeth cleaned with in many places?

    • With boiling water
    • With vinegar steam
    • With chewed twig ends
    • With soap lather

  488. 488What was the most common treatment given to patients in medieval Europe?

    • Electric therapy
    • Giving vitamin pills
    • Organ transplant surgery
    • Bleeding the patient

  489. 489What was stuffed into the beak of the mask plague doctors wore?

    • Coal dust
    • Sea water
    • Pieces of ice
    • Scented herbs and spices

  490. 490Why did epidemics spread so fast in medieval towns?

    • Because sea trade had stopped
    • Because the weather was too hot
    • Because of crowded, filthy streets
    • Because winters lasted very long

  491. 491What was the closed system carrying waste water out of Roman cities called?

    • Underground sewers
    • Open aqueducts
    • Street fountains
    • Rain cisterns

  492. 492Which old device told the time by the position of a shadow?

    • Hourglass
    • Compass
    • Sundial
    • Water clock

  493. 493In which region did the seven-day week first appear?

    • Mesopotamia
    • The Andes
    • The British Isles
    • The Japanese islands

  494. 494Before the Industrial Revolution, what set people's daily working rhythm?

    • Factory clocks
    • Train timetables
    • State-printed calendars
    • The length of daylight

  495. 495What change in timekeeping did the spread of railways make necessary?

    • Cutting the week to six days
    • Moving the start of the year
    • Adopting shared time zones
    • Abandoning the lunar calendar

  496. 496What did people in ancient Egypt usually pay their taxes with?

    • With grain and produce
    • With glass beads
    • With paper notes
    • With gold coins

  497. 497What were most of humanity's earliest written records about?

    • Poems and epics
    • Counts of stored goods and grain
    • Letters between kings
    • Prayers and hymns

  498. 498Throughout history, what was the main purpose of taking a census?

    • Recording the weather
    • Knowing tax and soldier numbers
    • Drawing the country's borders
    • Choosing where to open schools

  499. 499Before electricity, what was the worker who lit street lamps each evening called?

    • Night watchman
    • Town crier
    • Lamplighter
    • Water carrier

  500. 500Before steamships, about how long did crossing the Atlantic by sail take?

    • Six to eight weeks
    • Two to three days
    • About one week
    • About two years

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